Nanotechnology has revolutionized drug delivery in the pharmaceutical industry, enabling targeted and sustained release of therapeutic agents to achieve better efficacy and reduced toxicity. This review highlights recent advances in nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems, including liposomes, dendrimer, polymeric nanoparticles, and metallic nanoparticles. It discusses the various techniques used to synthesize and modify these Nano carriers, such as surface functionalization and ligand conjugation, and their applications in treating various diseases, including cancer, neurological disorders, and infectious diseases. Additionally, the article addresses the challenges and future directions in nanotechnology-based drug delivery, such as improving biocompatibility, enhancing drug loading and release, and ensuring regulatory compliance.

Another important area of research in pharmaceutical nanotechnology is the use of Nano scale materials to improve the stability and solubility of drugs. Many drugs are poorly soluble in water, which can limit their bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness. By encapsulating these drugs in nanoparticles or using other Nano scale materials to improve their solubility, pharmaceutical companies can create more effective and efficient drug formulations. In addition to drug delivery and solubility, nanotechnology is also being used to develop new diagnostic tools and imaging agents for the detection and monitoring of diseases. Nanoparticles can be engineered to target specific biomarkers or cells, allowing for earlier detection and more accurate diagnosis of diseases such as cancer